The sketch above was done with this ugly little pencil which was my absolute favorite for nearly twenty years.

It's a wood mechanical pencil, size 0.9 (0.9 millimeter leads) and I used it with 2B leads. I always carried this in my pocket. It used to be a full length pencil made by Ohto. I sanded off the shiny green paint, and sawed it down to 11.5 centimeters (4 3/8 inches) for portability.

Finally it stopped working and would not accept any more attempts to repair it, so I went shopping for a new mechanical pencil, and found a few I think I like even better.

Kokuyo makes a nice 0.9 mechanical pencil which has a three sided barrel which feels good in the hand.

They also make a 1.3 pencil which uses 1.3 millimeter leads which gives even more line variation. I was undecided as to which I liked better, but both make great sketches in a small sketchbook. Both are in the above photo resting on sketches done with the 0.9 pencil.

Several years after I bought these, I cut them down because I really wanted a short sketching pencil to replace my beloved ugly one. Fortunately it was easier than I had anticipated because soft material can be cut with a cheap craft knife (a.k.a. cutter knife).

First, I took them apart to see how much room I needed for the leads, then I cut down the outer shell, followed by the inner plastic tube. I cut the exact same amount off of both parts. Then I inserted the black plastic end piece into the shorter inner tube. The tube originally had square openings to lock in place the tabs on the black end piece, but I don't think they are necessary. It actually worked. Later, when I measured them, these pencils were exactly the same length as their old ugly short ancestor which had died on me so long ago.

Now that I know how easy it is to disassemble these pencils, (just unscrew the black cone tip) I went ahead and plugged up the hole on that black end piece with white craft glue (PVA) so the leads won't fall out anymore.

By the way, before I attempted this modification, I had to clean up the rubbery surface of these pencils which had become gummy and sticky. First I rubbed them down with a tissue paper and lighter fluid (I used a cheap zippo oil knock-off), then I followed up with a tissue paper and ethanol.

For larger sketches, I found a wonderful mechanical pencil with even fatter leads. I have not attempted to cut it down to a shorter length.

It's from an old Japanese pencil company in Tokyo, KITA-BOSHI (North Star) who wanted people to return to the joys of using a traditional wood pencil, so they made this one called OTONA NO ENPITSU (Adult's pencil) which uses standard 2mm drafting pencil leads.

This pencil was an instant hit and won the "stationery item of the year" award in Japan.

I used 2mm leads many years ago in art school and always thought they were fantastic for sketching.

The main reason I never warmed up to drafting pencils was the fact that they were heavy, didn't feel so good in the hand, and you had to use both hands to slide the lead out whenever it got too short.

This new pencil is much lighter, similar to a real wood pencil, and advances the lead in increments with clicks of the button like a mechanical pencil.

I also carry a tiny Uni Lead pointer in my pocket for when I want to give it a sharp point and not make a mess with graphite powder.

Of course, the traditional wood pencil is still widely used by those who don't mind all the wood shavings that come with sharpening them.

If you want to try leads that are fatter than 2.0mm, they are available from 3.0mm up to 5.8mm. I have written a separate article on these fatter leads.

There are even fatter leads than this, but far as I know, they are intended to be held directly in the hand rather than used in a mechanical pencil or lead holder because at that size, they are practically the same diameter as pencils.

Colored Pencils

I've already mentioned black colored pencils for dark black lines, so I need to mention the other colored pencils. If pencils are the easiest, most intuitive sketching tools, then it stands to reason that for color sketching, colored pencils would also share this distinction. There is no juggling of brushes, paints or palettes, and nothing to clean up afterwards. And most people already have experience using colored pencils, so there is not that much to learn; just jump right in!

If you do a web search, you will discover amazing examples of how far some professional artists have gone with colored pencils alone, particularly photo-realistic works of art. So the colored pencil is definitely not just for kids; it's a serious art tool for professionals as well, for sketching and finished art.

The only drawback to sketching on location with colored pencils is that each color requires its own pencil (although blending can create even more colors). You can end up going out to sketch with a pocket or bag stuffed full of colored pencils. And this is what a lot of artists do.

However, if you can sketch with a limited number of colors and blend those colors to make new colors, then you can do all your sketching with one pencil and a sketchbook, which has got to be the ultimate compact color sketching kit.

Pentel (a.k.a. Pentel Arts) makes a just such a tool: a multi-color pencil called the Multi 8.

I could go on here about this exciting tool which has actually been around for a long time, but I have written a separate article on this called The Pentel Multi 8 Colored Pencil.

Pen and Ink

Nothing beats pen and ink for clean, crisp line work, especially if you do a lot of hatching.

The traditional tool for this ink sketching is the dip pen and bottle of ink, preferably waterproof India ink if you are going to cover the drawing with watercolor.

Of course, a dip pen is a bit messy for sketching outside.

You could borrow an idea from the Japanese. For centuries Japanese writers and artists have a used a spill proof brush and ink carrier called a "yatate" which has an ink pot filled with cotton or silk which has been saturated with ink, but not to the point of dripping.

You could do the same thing with a film canister filled with cotton and saturated with ink. Then you could dip a pen in the ink and not worry about spills if the whole thing gets knocked over.

But you will need to clean the pen when you are finished, which makes a dip pen a bad choice for the busy sketcher.

Some dip pens have amazingly flexible nibs, some are so flexible they are very difficult to use without some practice.

Dip pens make their best lines when using down strokes. Up strokes can make scratchy lines or even cause the tines to catch on the paper, causing a mess. You have to vary the position of your hand to get the best angles for the best strokes. Also, dip pens leave a bead of ink on the surface of the paper that takes a while to dry. It's very easy to forget this and smear ink all over the drawing with your hand.

For many years, since my high school days I used a 102 "Crowquill" pen point with India ink, and found it very gratifying.

Today, most manga artists use a flexible G Pen Nib. There are many rich black drawing inks for dip pens including manga ink and Japanese sumi inks. Don't use these inks in a fountain pen or you might clog it and ruin it.

It's fun to collect various pen points and holders, and when you dip a pen in ink and start to use it, you become part of a tradition that goes back for thousands of years.

Writing with a dip pen

By the way, I prefer a dip pen for writing in my journal. But when I write, I use blue black ink. Since most dip pen ink is black, I have to use bottled fountain pen ink.

Fountain pen inks are thin so they can travel through ink channels in fountain pens without clogging, but with a dip pen these inks will feather (spread out) and bleed through notebook paper.

After trying several brands of bottled ink, I settled on Platinum's blue black. In a dip pen, this ink is very dark, and does not feather or bleed at all because it's a traditional iron gall ink.

The Amazon link will take you to a Japanese vendor who (when I last checked) transliterated the Japanese name directly into Roman characters: Purachinaman'nenhitsu ink (Platinum fountain pen ink).

Fountain pens

Many pen and ink sketchers choose fountain pens for sketching. These are very portable and convenient and still retain that old traditional feeling. Some come with semi flexible nibs, but no modern fountain pen nib can match a dip pen for flexibility. If you want extreme variation in line width you will have to use a dip pen or brush.

In the early 20th century a lot of fountain pens had very flexible nibs. However, with the advent of the ballpoint pen (biro) people changed their writing habits and began applying much more pressure in order to get a decent line. This extra pressure will ruin a delicate flexible fountain pen nib.

But most modern fountain pens -- even cheap ones -- have strong suitable nibs for fast sketching.

Fountain pens also work best when using down strokes like dip pens, but because most fountain pens have a ball of tipping material on the end, the issue is not as great. This tipping material is usually made of a combination of iridium and osmium or some other hard metals. It serves to protect the tip from wear since lot of fountain nibs are made of gold, and are not disposable like dip pen nibs.

There are fountain pens which are marketed as drawing pens such as the Rotring ArtPen which looks very artsy, is nicely balanced and feels good, which might put you in the right frame of mind for sketching. But any regular writing fountain pen will work just as well.

Most fountain pen inks are watersoluble which will allow you to get some great artistic effects if you use a little water in a brush to draw out the ink from the lines and use it like a watercolor wash.

Waterproof fountain pen ink

If you want to paint watercolors over the ink drawing without dissolving the ink lines, you will need to use waterproof fountain pen ink. You can't put regular drawing ink such an India ink in a fountain pen because it can dry up inside the ink channels and under the nib and ruin the pen.

There are several brands of waterproof fountain pen ink today, and I have tried three: Platinum's Carbon Ink, Sailor Kiwa-Guro (extreme black) Ink, and Noodler's Black Ink. They all work very well for me although the Sailor Kiwa-Guro can be less than waterproof on some papers.

Platinum Carbon ink comes in a bottle, or cartridges which will fit Platinum pens (as well as Kuretake and Kaimei brush pens).

Sailor Kiwa-Guro also comes in a bottle, or cartridges which fit only Sailor pens.

Noodler's ink comes only in a bottle as of this writing (and for very noble reasons concerning economics and the environment).

All three are great drawing inks, but I usually buy Platinum ink rather than Noodlers simply because I live in Japan, and Platinum Carbon Ink cartridges are sold everywhere, even down the street at the local neighborhood store. I also have a box of Sailor ink cartridges, but most of my pens are Platinum, so the Sailor ink doesn't see as much action.

I would recommend that you only use these waterproof inks in a pen especially designed for these inks, or a fountain pen that could easily be taken apart and thoroughly cleaned, or a cheap fountain pen that can be easily replaced.

For many years I used Platinum Carbon ink in a special fountain pen by Platinum called a Carbon Pen which had a larger ink channel for their carbon ink so it won't dry out as easily. Also, the soft plastic slip-on cap made an airtight seal so the ink did not dry out when it was not being used. But It appears that this pen has been discontinued, possibly because with the advent of Platinum's airtight "Slip and Seal" caps, a pen dedicated to Carbon ink was no longer necessary.

The Platinum 3776 CENTURY and Carbon Ink

Platinum has redesigned one of their flagship model fountain pens to accomodate Carbon ink!

They took their 3776 fountain pen and gave it a new nib and ink feed and also came up with a new screw-on cap which becomes air-tight after you screw it on. They renamed it the Platinum "#3776 CENTURY.

This pen had been on the market for a few years when I discovered it, and I immediately ordered a black one with an extra fine nib and a translucent wine colored one (a.k.a. Bourgogne) with an ultra extra fine nib since I do a lot of fine pen hatching in my drawing. The ultra extra fine seems to be the closest to the Carbon pen extra fine nib, and the best choice for fine hatching. The extra fine nib is my personal choice for general drawing.

Platinum clearly states that these pens were specially designed to be used safely with pigment inks, and Carbon ink is a pigment ink, as is Sailor Kiwa-Guro.

I inserted Carbon Ink Cartridges and have used these pens for drawing and writing, and I've had no trouble at all! So now I can carry a beautiful fountain pen with a Carbon Ink cartridge in my shirt pocket, and have any nib type I like. Yes, this is a dream come true.

Converters

As I mentioned above, Noodler's Black ink does not come in cartridges, but only in bottle form.

Up until the late 1950s there was no such thing as an ink cartridge for fountain pens, and all fountain pens used bottle ink via a filling system such as rubber ink sac with squeeze bar or piston with rotating knob.

Fountain pens with filling systems are still very popular with pen aficionados, but ink cartridge type fountain pens are more popular with general pen users who don't want to bother with filling pens from a bottle.

If you want to use Noodler's ink in your cartridge type fountain pen, or if you want to use Platinum or Sailor inks in a fountain pen from a different maker, you can still do so if you have an ink converter.

Ink converters fit in the pen in place of a cartridge and have filling systems, usually with a piston or squeeze bar so you can use any maker's bottle ink with your fountain pen.

Some pen companies make converters and cartridges that will only fit their particular pens, but many companies use a standard size cartridge called International or European, and their converters are also usually interchangeable.

Waterman, Pelikan and MontBlanc are among these companies.

Bent nib fountain pens

Bent nib fountain pens are very popular with urban sketchers.

These are also called fude nib pens, and they can get a variety of line widths.

Fude (foo-deh) is the Japanese word for brush, but the only thing these pens have in common with brushes is the fact that you can hold them perpendicular to the paper like a brush.

These unique nibs can get a few line widths by varying the angle.

That ability to get both fine and broad lines can make a big difference in an ink drawing.

The Fude DE Mannen pen

I think it's ironic that this type of pen is commonly known by its Japanese name because practically the only fude nib pen you can find in Japan is Sailor's Fude DE Mannen.

I have written more about this pen in my article Bent nib pens: the Fude DE Mannen

These are available in two nib angles, 40 degrees and 55 degrees.

The bent nib will give you at least three line widths: the thinnest from the reverse side of the nib, a middle width from near the tip, and the broadest width from the flat surface on the underside.

The sample above was done with the 55 degree nib, but I personally can't tell the difference between the two angles other than the fact that you hold them at slightly different angles to get the really broad strokes; either one works perfectly fine.

And a single pen that gets several line widths will be valuable for quick expressive sketches.

Two ink cartridges of Sailor water-soluble black ink came with this pen.

You can also use a Sailor Fountain Pen Converter and fill it with any ink such as Platinum waterproof carbon ink.

Here is a sketch I did with the 40 degree angle pen. It was colored with my Pentel Multi 8 colored pencil.

On the subway on a 3x5 index card

Chinese bent nib pens

While there seems to be only one Japanese company that makes this type of pen, many Chinese companies make them.

Of course, Chinese pen sellers don't usually call these pens by their Japanese name, but instead call them calligraphy or bent nib pens.

But that doesn't alleviate the confusion since a calligraphy pen is something entirely different in the west, and a bent nib could mean a damaged pen.

Duke 209

One very popular Chinese bent nib pen is the Duke 209 which is often mentioned by artists on YouTube. This pen is slim and fits in the pocket nicely.

The bend in the nib is more curved than the Sailor which has a pretty abrupt bend, and I found I could get a smoother transition between thin and thick lines with this pen.

Below is an on-the-spot sketch done with the Duke 209 fude nib pen.

I love how I can get thick expressive lines and tight thin hatch lines with the same pen even on a very quick sketch where there is no time to think.

I have several other Chinese bent nib fountain pens, and you can read more about them in my article Enter the Chinese bent nib fountain pen

Disposable pens

By far the most popular ink sketching tools today are disposable pigment pens. They come in a variety of nib sizes and make a very black permanent line that is completely waterproof when dry. You can also draw in any direction and angle and get a consistent line.

Several companies make these, and they are easily obtained. One popular brand is the Sakura Pigma Micron pen which apparently comes in a blue barrel in Japan where they originate, and a light brown barrel outside of Japan. They are great for carefree sketching with a stiff nib pen. You need to carry more than one with you since you never know when one will run out of ink.

When these disposable pens run out of ink, make sure you save the metal clip; they are actually removable. These are very useful for attaching to pencils or pens which have lost their fragile plastic clips. I was able to save my Pilot Fure Fure mechanical pencil this way when its plastic clip broke off.